Alloy & Temper Designation Systems for Aluminum Alloys
Alloy Designations
Wrought alloys: 1xxx Commercially pure Al (>99% Al) Not age-hardenable 2xxx Al-Cu and Al-Cu-Li Age-hardenable 3xxx Al-Mn Not age-hardenable 4xxx Al-Si and Al-Mg-Si Age-hardenable if magnesium is present 5xxx Al-Mg Not age-hardenable 6xxx Al-Mg-Si Age-hardenable 7xxx Al-Mg-Zn Age-hardenable 8xxx Al-Li, Sn, Zr, or B Age-hardenable Casting alloys: 1xx Commercially pure Al Not age-hardenable 2xx Al-Cu Age-hardenable 3xx Al-Si-Cu or Al-Mg-Si Some are age-hardenable 4xx Al-Si Not age-hardenable 5xx Al-Mg Not age-hardenable 7xx Al-Mg-Zn Age-hardenable 8xx Al-Sn Age-hardenable
Temper Designations
F As-fabricated (hot-worked, forged, cast, etc. O Annealed (in the softest possible condition) H Cold-worked H1x
cold-worked only (x refers to the amount of cold work and strengthening) H12 cold work that gives a tensile strength midway between O and H14 tempers H14 cold work that gives a tensile strength midway between O and H18 tempers H16 cold work that gives a tensile strength midway between H14 and H18 tempers H18 cold work that gives about 75% reduction H19 cold work that gives a tensile strength greater than 2000 psi of that obtained by the H18 temper H2x
cold-worked and partly annealed W Solution-treated T Age-hardened T1 cooled from the fabrication temperature and naturally aged T2 cooled from the fabrication temperature, cold-worked, and naturally aged T3 solution-treated, cold-worked, and naturally aged T4 solution-treated and naturally aged T5 cooled from the fabrication temperature and artificially aged T6 solution-treated and artificially aged T7 solution-treated and stabilized by overaging T8 solution-treated, cold-worked, and artificially aged T9 solution-treated, artificially aged, and cold-worked T10 cooled from the fabrication temperature, cold-worked, and artificially aged
Applies to products that are not cold worked after solution heat treatment, and for which mechanical properties have been stabilized by room-temperature aging.T4 - Solution heat treated, cold worked, and naturally aged to a substantially stable condition.
Mechanical Properties
Alloy
Temper Tensile strength
(ksi)Yield strength
(ksi) (a)Elongation
(%) (b)Hardness
(HB) (c)Shear strength
(ksi)2117 T4 43 24 27 70 28 2218 T72 48 37 11 95 30 2219 O 25 11 18 T42 52 27 20 T31, T351 52 36 17 100 33 T37 57 46 11 117 37 T62 60 42 10 115 37 T81, T85x 66 51 10 130 41 T87 69 57 10 130 40 2024 O 27 11 20 47 18 T3 70 50 18 120 40 T361 72 57 13 130 42 T4, T351 68 47 20 120 41 T81, T851 70 65 6 128 43 T86 75 71 6 135 45 (a) At 0.2% offset. (b) In 50 mm or 2 in. (c) 500-kg load, 10-mm ball. (d) Based on 500 million cycles using an R.R. Moore-type rotating-beam machine. (e) Elongation, % in 250 mm.
Table from Metals Handbook, Desk Edition, 8th printing, by American Society for Metals, 1995, p. 6-34.
Elastic Constants
Metal Young's modulus, E
(106 psi)Shear modulus, G
(106 psi)Bulk modulus, K
(106 psi)Poisson's ratio, n Aluminum 10.2 3.80 10.9 0.345 Brass, 30 Zn 14.6 5.41 16.2 0.350 Chromium 40.5 16.7 23.2 0.210 Copper 18.8 7.01 20.0 0.343 Iron (soft) 30.7 11.8 24.6 0.293 Iron (cast) 22.1 8.7 15.9 0.27 Lead 2.34 0.811 6.64 0.44 Magnesium 6.48 2.51 5.16 0.291 Molybdenum 47.1 18.2 37.9 0.293 Nickel (soft) 28.9 11.0 25.7 0.312 Nickel (hard) 31.8 12.2 27.2 0.306 Nickel-silver, 55CU-18Ni-27Zn 19.2 4.97 19.1 0.333 Niobium 15.2 5.44 24.7 0.397 Silver 12.0 4.39 15.0 0.367 Steel, mild 30.7 11.9 24.5 0.291 Steel, 0.75 C 30.5 11.8 24.5 0.293 Steel, 0.75 C, hardened 29.2 11.3 23.9 0.296 Steel, tool 30.7 11.9 24.0 0.287 Steel, tool, hardened 29.5 11.4 24.0 0.295 Steel, stainless, 2Ni-18Cr 31.2 12.2 24.1 0.283 Tantalum 26.9 10.0 28.5 0.342 Tin 7.24 2.67 8.44 0.357 Titanium 17.4 6.61 15.7 0.361 Tungsten 59.6 23.3 45.1 0.280 Vanadium 18.5 6.77 22.9 0.365 Zinc 15.2 6.08 10.1 0.249